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On Tropes is a short anonymous Byzantine treatise on figurative language, printed by Leonhard Spengel in Rhetores Graeci (III, pp. 227–229). It defines a trope as a word or phrase turned from its proper meaning to another for more elegant expression. It distinguishes six senses of the word tropos, among them a person's character, a form of argument in logic, a musical mode and a figure of speech, and lists fifteen principal tropes, beginning with metaphor, catachresis, synecdoche and metonymy. It then discusses metaphor with Homeric examples.
This is one of several related Byzantine handbooks that passed on the ancient grammarians' classification of tropes. Its opening survey of the meanings of tropos, including Homer's epithet polytropos for Odysseus, shows how the schools linked grammar, rhetoric and the reading of poetry. It is a useful companion to the longer anonymous treatise On Poetic Tropes.
About this edition. The Greek text comes from the Eulogikon open corpus of public-domain editions (standard reference: Spengel, Rhetores Graeci III pp. 227–229 (probable)). Every word has been analyzed with odyCy, a neural language model for Ancient Greek — click or tap any word for its dictionary form, part of speech, and complete morphology, together with the full entry from the Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek–English Lexicon (LSJ).