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Cleidemus (physicist): Testimonia

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The Testimonia of Cleidemus are ancient reports about a natural philosopher, probably of the fifth century BC, known only from these notices and usually kept distinct from the Athenian historian of the same name. No writing of his survives. Aristotle records his view that lightning is not a real fire but an appearance, and Theophrastus reports his theory of perception; further notices from Theophrastus' botanical works concern the nature of plants and the right time for sowing.

Although brief, these testimonies preserve the views of one of the lesser-known early Greek thinkers on nature, collected in Diels and Kranz's Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. They show the range of questions pursued alongside the better-known Presocratics, and how Aristotle and Theophrastus recorded the theories of their predecessors.

About this edition. The Greek text comes from the Eulogikon open corpus of public-domain editions (standard reference: DK 62). Every word has been analyzed with odyCy, a neural language model for Ancient Greek — click or tap any word for its dictionary form, part of speech, and complete morphology, together with the full entry from the Liddell–Scott–Jones Greek–English Lexicon (LSJ).

Ancient Greek · Philosophy
Testimonia
Cleidemus (physicist) · every word parsed
1
ARISTOT. Meteor. Β 9. 370a 10 εἰσὶ δέ τινες οἳ τὴν ἀστραπήν, ὥσπερ καὶ Κλείδημος, οὐκ εἶναί φασιν ἀλλὰ φαίνεσθαι, παρεικάζοντες ὡς τὸ πάθος ὅμοιον ὂν καὶ ὅταν τὴν θάλαττάν τις ῥάβδωι τύπτηι· φαίνεται γὰρ τὸ ὕδωρ ἀποστίλβον τῆς νυκτός· οὕτως ἐν τῆι νεφέληι ῥαπιζομένου τοῦ ὑγροῦ τὴν φαντασίαν τῆς λαμπρότητος εἶναι τὴν ἀστραπήν.
THEOPHR. de sens. 38 (D. 510) Κλ. δὲ μόνος ἰδίως εἴρηκε περὶ τῆς ὄψεως· αἰσθάνεσθαι γάρ φησι τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μόνον ὅτι διαφανεῖς· ταῖς 〈δʼ〉 ἀκοαῖς ὅτι ἐμπίπτων ὁ ἀὴρ κινεῖ· ταῖς δὲ ῥισὶν ἐφελκομένους τὸν ἀέρα· τοῦτον γὰρ ἀναμείγνυσθαι· τῆι δὲ γλώσσηι τοὺς χυμοὺς καὶ τὸ θερμὸν καὶ τὸ ψυχρὸν διὰ τὸ σομφὴν εἶναι· τῶι δὲ ἄλλωι σώματι παρὰ μὲν ταῦτʼ οὐθέν, αὐτῶν δὲ τούτων καὶ τὸ θερμὸν καὶ τὰ ὑγρὰ καὶ τὰ ἐναντία· μόνον δὲ τὰς ἀκοὰς αὐτὰς μὲν οὐδὲν κρίνειν, εἰς δὲ τὸν νοῦν διαπέμπειν, οὐχ ὥσπερ Ἀναξαγόρας ἀρχὴν ποιεῖ πάντων τὸν νοῦν.
—2H. plant. III 1, 4 Κλείδημος δὲ συνεστάναι μὲν [τὰ φυτά] ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν τοῖς ζώιοις, ὅσωι δὲ θολερωτέρων καὶ ψυχροτέρων, τοσοῦτον ἀπέχειν τοῦ ζῶια εἶναι.
—Caus. plant. I 10, 3 τὰ μὲν γὰρ ψυχρὰ τοῦ θέρους τὰ δὲ θερμὰ τοῦ χειμῶνος βλαστάνειν, ὥστε ἑκατέραν τὴν φύσιν σύμμετρον εἶναι πρὸς ἑκατέραν τῶν ὡρῶν· οὕτω γὰρ οἴεται καὶ Κλ.
5
— —III 23, 1 σπείρειν δὲ κελεύουσιν οἱ μὲν πρὸ Πλειάδος … οἱ δʼ ἅμα Πλειάσι δυομέναις ὥσπερ καὶ Κλ.· ἐπιγίνεσθαι γὰρ ὕδατα καὶ πολλὰ τῆι ἑβδόμηι μετὰ τὴν δύσιν … (2) τοὺς δὲ περὶ τροπὰς σπόρους Κ. φησιν ἐπισφαλεῖς εἶναι· διερὰν γὰρ οὖσαν καὶ βαρεῖαν τὴν γῆν ἀτμιδώδη γίνεσθαι καὶ ἐοικέναι ἐρίοις κακῶς ἐξαμμένοις· ἔτι δʼ οὐ δύνασθαι τὰς ἀτμίδας ἕλκειν οὐδὲ διαπέμπειν ἅτε θερμὸν οὐκ ἔχουσαν ἱκανὸν καὶ ἐπαλείφειν ἔλαττον.
— —V 9, 10 ἐξ ὑπερβολῆς δὲ [ὕδατος] καὶ τὸ τραγᾶν τῆς ἀμπέλου … ὡς ἐπὶ πολὺ δὲ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων συμβαίνει συκῆι μὲν ψωριᾶν, ἐλάαι δὲ λειχηνιᾶν, ἀμπέλωι δὲ ῥεῖν, ὥσπερ καὶ Κ. φησιν· λεπτὸς γὰρ ὁ καρπὸς ἄπεπτος ὢν καὶ ῥοώδης.
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Text: Perseus Digital Library, licensed CC BY-SA. Dictionary: Liddell, Scott & Jones (Perseus, CC BY-SA). Morphology: odyCy — machine parsing, corrected against the AGDT & PROIEL treebanks and Morpheus.
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